he first week in November is the time when we
remember the faithful departed and celebrate our fellowship with them in
the "communion of saints". But the division of the commemoration
into two days - All Saints on the 1st and All Souls on the 2nd - serves to
remind us that the status within the Christian scheme of things of those
who have died is not straightforward. Indeed, it has been the source of
some of the bitterest arguments among Christians.
In the first place, what does it mean for us to be "in
fellowship" with those who have died? Direct encounters through
spiritualist mediums are one possibility. But they have been openly
condemned in the Old Testament and are never mentioned, let alone
approved, in the New Testament.
Jesus himself never discussed the possibility of communication between
the living and the dead, except obliquely and negatively in the parable
usually called "Dives and Lazarus" (Luke 16.20). There the rich
man was denied his request that Lazarus might be sent to warn his brothers
of the fate awaiting them.
Second, there are problems raised by the implied distinction between
those who are remembered on All Saints and those who are remembered on All
Souls. Who are we to make such judgments? And what does such a distinction
mean? Some Christians will pray to those who are designated saints,
and pray for other departed souls.
This is not the place for detailed theological discussion of these
matters, but here are some pointers to the way I think we should approach
them.
The fundamental clue is in the New Testament teaching that our baptism
is the point at which our new life as Christians begins.
"Now is eternal life, if risen with Christ we stand", as the
hymn puts it, referring to Saint Paul’s assertion that in baptism we die
to sin and rise to new life in Christ. In this perspective, physical death
is a comparatively minor incident, which certainly cannot break the
communion and fellowship that baptized Christians already enjoy as members
of the Church as the "Body of Christ".
The place where that fellowship is renewed and strengthened is in the
Eucharist. Not for nothing is it called a service of Holy Communion, in
which we are bound into closer fellowship with Christ, and so also with
each other. As we pray in another hymn: "Draw us the nearer each to
each, we plead, by drawing all to thee, O Prince of Peace."
Even in human terms, I cannot take two of you into my arms and hold you
close to me without also bringing your closer to each other. How much more
shall we be drawn together by our closeness to Jesus. And where are we
closer to him than in the act of receiving him in this sacrament? That is
why the Communion hymn I have just quoted immediately continues:
"Thus may we all one Bread, one Body be, through this blest sacrament
of unity."
In purely human terms we are bound to feel separated by death from
those "whom we love but see no longer". We all have our own
particular ways of feeling close to them. We visit a certain place,
perhaps, where we enjoyed each other’s company; or listen to a piece
of music with special associations; or just sit quietly and recalling
times when we were happy together.
But in Christian terms the picture has an extra dimension. It is our
hope and trust that our loved ones who have died are in some way - though
it is beyond our understanding - closer to God than during their earthly
lives. And we are therefore closest to them when we are close to God in
this sacrament.
And what is true of our fellowship with each other within this
congregation, and of our fellowship with our departed family and friends,
is true also of our fellowship with those whom the Church has seen fit to
designate saints, or "lights of the world in their several
generations", as one Anglican prayer book calls them.
We may be inspired by reading of their deeds and their faith, in some
cases by reading their own words. We may pray for strength to follow in
their footsteps. But nowhere are we closer to them, "knit together in
one communion and fellowship", than gathered around the altar or holy
table.
So it seems to me that, rather than try to distinguish between saints
and other departed souls - praying to some and for others -
we should simply pray with them all, as we do with each
other, "rejoicing in their fellowship and following their good
examples".
All Christians, according to the New Testament authors, are
"called to be saints". That is to say, all of us are called to
live holy lives, lives characterized by faith and hope and love. And the
place we come to draw strength for that daily task is the Eucharist.
That it also turns out to be the place where we come closest to those
who have "run the race before us" is a bonus. But with our
knowledge of God’s love and care for us, it should not be a surprise