• Biology is mathematics
• Relevance must be proved with statistics (paraphrased)
• Geography is useful to ecology
• Chemistry is vital
• Maths is a great help to biologists
• Surprising amount of statistics in biology (paraphrased)
• Maths is essential to biology.
• Research requires statistics. (paraphrased)
• Statistics particularly useful in ecology.
• Physics is an integral part of biomechanics and physiology.
• Sciences and maths overlap considerably and you're unlikely to find one without the other.
• Most biologists would be ecstatic to find a research project that does not involve maths.
• Different subjects complement the different disciplines of biology. (paraphrased)
• Chemistry is an obvious must for biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, etc.
• Physics is important for bio-mechanics
• Geography [is important] for understanding ecosystems
• History is not high on the biology agenda. (paraphrased)
• Latin is handy for classification and terminology. (paraphrased)
• A basic understanding of maths is necessary for any statistical work - frequent in genetics.
• Science subjects are considerably inter-related.
• A broad understanding of science subjects will make a better biologist.
• Biology, like history, deals with the unique, maths deals with generalisations.
• Biology, like history, overlaps with religion and morality.
• Evolutionary biology, like history, but unlike other sciences, is unable to predict.

Views of mathematics questionaire (Ernest, 2000, p.98)

1. Maths consists of a set of fixed, everlasting truths.
2. There are many ways of solving any problem in maths.
3. There is always a rule to follow in solving maths problems.
4. Some maths problems have many answers, some have none.
5. Learning maths is mainly remembering facts and rules.
6. Maths is basically doing sums.
7. Puzzles and investigations are not proper maths.
8. Maths is always changing and growing.
9. The procedures and methods in maths guarantee right answers.
10. There is only one correct way of solving any maths problem.
11. A person should not mind risking a mistake when trying to solve a maths problem.
12. Maths is always exact and certain.
13. Knowing how to solve a problem is even more important than getting the right answer in maths.
14. Exploring number patterns is not real maths.

Dualist 1,3,5,6,7,9,10,12,14 SA=1 SD=5
non-Dualist 2,4,8,11,13 SD=1 SA=5

• Divergent thinking and Q methodology